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Review Article

Online Publishing Date:
04 / 08 / 2023

 


Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review

Ayotunde S. Azees, Tolulope Soyannwo, Makinde A. Adeniyi, Medinat O. Osinubi, Gloria B. Imhonopi.


Abstract
Although diphtheria is vaccine-preventable, mortality still affect children, teenagers and adults. The current multistate outbreak in Nigeria demonstrates that gaps still exist in routine immunization programs, resulting in zero or suboptimal vaccination. Recently, there have been diphtheria outbreaks in Southeast Asia, Africa and Europe, with varying fatalities among affected populations. Nonetheless, the current outbreak in Nigeria could have been averted if the gaps in immunization coverage had been addressed early enough. To draw specific conclusions for preventing recurrence, this report presents an epidemiological review of diphtheria, focusing on the current outbreak in Nigeria, the potential triggers and ways to bridge the gaps that exist to avert future occurrence.

Key words: Disease Outbreaks, Diphtheria, Vaccination Coverage, Nigeria


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Azees AS, Soyannwo T, Adeniyi MA, Osinubi MO, Imhonopi GB. Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review. crjmed. 2023; 2(2): 3-11. doi:10.5455/CRJMED.149506

Web Style

Azees AS, Soyannwo T, Adeniyi MA, Osinubi MO, Imhonopi GB. Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review. https://www.crjmed.com/?mno=149506 [Access: May 12, 2024]. doi:10.5455/CRJMED.149506

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Azees AS, Soyannwo T, Adeniyi MA, Osinubi MO, Imhonopi GB. Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review. crjmed. 2023; 2(2): 3-11. doi:10.5455/CRJMED.149506


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Azees AS, Soyannwo T, Adeniyi MA, Osinubi MO, Imhonopi GB. Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review. crjmed. (2023), [cited May 12, 2024]; 2(2): 3-11. doi:10.5455/CRJMED.149506


Harvard Style

Azees, A. S., Soyannwo, . T., Adeniyi, . M. A., Osinubi, . M. O. & Imhonopi, . G. B. (2023) Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review. crjmed, 2 (2), 3-11. doi:10.5455/CRJMED.149506


Turabian Style

Azees, Ayotunde S., Tolulope Soyannwo, Makinde A. Adeniyi, Medinat O. Osinubi, and Gloria B. Imhonopi. 2023. Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review. Cross River Journal of Medicine, 2 (2), 3-11. doi:10.5455/CRJMED.149506


Chicago Style

Azees, Ayotunde S., Tolulope Soyannwo, Makinde A. Adeniyi, Medinat O. Osinubi, and Gloria B. Imhonopi. "Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review." Cross River Journal of Medicine 2 (2023), 3-11. doi:10.5455/CRJMED.149506


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Azees, Ayotunde S., Tolulope Soyannwo, Makinde A. Adeniyi, Medinat O. Osinubi, and Gloria B. Imhonopi. "Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review." Cross River Journal of Medicine 2.2 (2023), 3-11. Print. doi:10.5455/CRJMED.149506


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Azees, A. S., Soyannwo, . T., Adeniyi, . M. A., Osinubi, . M. O. & Imhonopi, . G. B. (2023) Diphtheria Outbreak in Nigeria: An Epidemiological Evidence Review. Cross River Journal of Medicine, 2 (2), 3-11. doi:10.5455/CRJMED.149506


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